西安鍛銅雕塑淺析銅材料以及加工工藝
來源：國產農村婦女精品一二區:szjcy168.com 發布時間：2019年01月11日
金屬是國產農村婦女精品一二區:西安(an)鍛銅雕塑中最常見的材料之一，在鍛銅雕塑藝術發展的歷史長河中，用不同種類的金屬制造的雕塑作品非常多而且有非常重要的歷史地位和價值。不論是純粹的雕塑藝術還是日常生活所用的器皿都有金屬雕塑的優秀范例。金屬是天然的材料，它具有永恒性和高貴性，從而具有廣泛的實用價值和審美價值。金屬材料硬度高、韌性好、光澤亮，是雕塑的主要材料之一。金屬材料經過高溫可以溶化成液體，然后將其澆注入相應的模具里，待其冷卻之后即可成型為雕塑。古代人們所使用的工具、生活用品、打仗的武器都是如此制成，我國在很早以前的夏商周到春秋戰國時期的青銅器鑄造就已經達到了一個頂峰。而銅材料是制作雕塑的主要金屬材料。
一、銅的物(wu)理化學性質及其分類(lei)
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人類發現最早而(er)且又(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)常被(bei)應(ying)用(yong)得得心應(ying)手(shou)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學符號是(shi)(shi)(shi)Cu、原(yuan)子(zi)序(xu)數是(shi)(shi)(shi)29、原(yuan)子(zi)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)63.546，色(se)(se)澤呈(cheng)玫瑰紅(hong)色(se)(se)，比重是(shi)(shi)(shi)8.94，它的(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)1083℃，沸(fei)點：2582℃，抗(kang)拉強(qiang)度(du)：220～420MPa。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)質地軟(ruan)而(er)韌，其(qi)延展(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能好，易(yi)塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，導(dao)電性(xing)(xing)(xing)及導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)優良(liang)，良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)拋(pao)(pao)旋光性(xing)(xing)(xing)，易(yi)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)更易(yi)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)，不能做防護性(xing)(xing)(xing)鍍(du)層(ceng)，會和(he)(he)空氣中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)硫作用(yong)生成(cheng)褐色(se)(se)硫化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，會和(he)(he)空氣中(zhong)二氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳作用(yong)形成(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)錄(lu)，會和(he)(he)空氣中(zhong)氯形成(cheng)氯化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)粉末。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鍍(du)層(ceng)具有良(liang)好均勻性(xing)(xing)(xing)、致密性(xing)(xing)(xing)、附著性(xing)(xing)(xing)及拋(pao)(pao)旋光性(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)，所以(yi)可(ke)做其(qi)它電鍍(du)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)之底(di)(di)鍍(du)鍍(du)層(ceng)。鍍(du)層(ceng)可(ke)做為(wei)防止(zhi)滲碳氮化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，唯一可(ke)實用(yong)于鋅鑄件電鍍(du)打底(di)(di)用(yong)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)來源充足，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)容(rong)(rong)易(yi)電鍍(du)，容(rong)(rong)易(yi)控制(zhi)，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電鍍(du)量(liang)僅次于鎳。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)材(cai)可(ke)分為(wei)紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（紫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）、黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)純(chun)(chun)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)，性(xing)(xing)(xing)軟(ruan)而(er)熔(rong)點低，容(rong)(rong)易(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)。所以(yi)鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)藝(yi)絕大部分是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)而(er)言。紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)軟(ruan)富(fu)延展(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，又(you)能很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)表現作者的(de)(de)(de)創作意圖，且色(se)(se)澤渾厚、穩重，可(ke)和(he)(he)各種裝飾(shi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、各種環境配合，既(ji)可(ke)制(zhi)作大型(xing)壁(bi)畫、雕塑，又(you)可(ke)做靈活的(de)(de)(de)局部點綴裝飾(shi)。所以(yi)這種工(gong)藝(yi)受到很(hen)多(duo)藝(yi)術家的(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)愛，成(cheng)為(wei)許多(duo)壁(bi)畫、雕塑工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)首選材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)純(chun)(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)加(jia)(jia)入金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)錫冶煉而(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，其(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)狀較(jiao)硬，相對延展(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差，板材(cai)易(yi)變形，所以(yi)一般(ban)只(zhi)適于制(zhi)作一些折皺少、大塊面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)品，如銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)字、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)牌等(deng)。青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)天然銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)里加(jia)(jia)入了50％的(de)(de)(de)錫等(deng)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)后熔(rong)化(hua)成(cheng)為(wei)青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)要比原(yuan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)高，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)熔(rong)點卻由原(yuan)初的(de)(de)(de)1083℃下降到800～960℃。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)易(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，有一定準確度(du)，耐久(jiu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好，并有一種華貴、古雅、莊重的(de)(de)(de)色(se)(se)彩。
二、國產農村婦女精品一二區:西安鍛(duan)銅浮雕的加工工藝
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)經(jing)過不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)程(cheng)序，會產生不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)視覺(jue)美(mei)(mei)感和(he)觸覺(jue)美(mei)(mei)感。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)雕塑的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)之美(mei)(mei)是(shi)(shi)集材質之美(mei)(mei)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)之美(mei)(mei)和(he)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)之美(mei)(mei)三者綜合的(de)(de)(de)結晶。因(yin)此(ci)，學習和(he)研究銅(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)雕塑需要從(cong)這三者入手，即使是(shi)(shi)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)欣賞(shang)也是(shi)(shi)需要這三方(fang)面(mian)來(lai)進行，如果只是(shi)(shi)從(cong)一個方(fang)面(mian)就很(hen)難(nan)了解(jie)和(he)把握銅(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)雕塑藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)真諦和(he)豐富的(de)(de)(de)內涵。由于不(bu)同(tong)種類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)材料和(he)不(bu)同(tong)造(zao)(zao)型(xing)、結構的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)雕塑對加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)也不(bu)同(tong)。所以成(cheng)型(xing)和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)作方(fang)法主要包括鑄造(zao)(zao)、鍛(duan)造(zao)(zao)、焊接、鉚接、切割等五大加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，而且在裝飾(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)方(fang)面(mian)還主要有鑲嵌、雕金(jin)、鍍金(jin)和(he)鍍銀三大類(lei)(lei)。
（一）鑄造工藝
鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)工藝是銅(tong)雕塑的(de)(de)最古老的(de)(de)成(cheng)型工藝之(zhi)一，它(ta)的(de)(de)加工方法是首先要用黏(nian)土或者其它(ta)可塑材(cai)料做出原型，然后(hou)再翻(fan)成(cheng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)模型，之(zhi)后(hou)進行澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)。根據鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)模型材(cai)料的(de)(de)不同，主要分為陶范鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)、金屬范鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)和(he)失蠟鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)（也稱翻(fan)沙鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)）。
1、陶范(fan)鑄造
它是(shi)我(wo)國最古老的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)造(zao)技術之一，我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖先早在商代就熟練地掌握了(le)這(zhe)種工藝(yi)，并用(yong)此(ci)工藝(yi)制(zhi)作了(le)大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青銅藝(yi)術珍品，成(cheng)就了(le)享譽世(shi)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青銅文化。陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)鑄(zhu)造(zao)方法首(shou)先是(shi)制(zhi)范(fan)(fan)，“范(fan)(fan)”是(shi)指用(yong)于鑄(zhu)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)子，制(zhi)作陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)要(yao)(yao)精選(xuan)細黏土(tu)敷在模(mo)(mo)型(xing)上，待半干(gan)(gan)時(shi)(shi)分塊取下(xia)陰(yin)干(gan)(gan)，干(gan)(gan)透(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥范(fan)(fan)再(zai)經焙燒成(cheng)為陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)①。這(zhe)就形成(cheng)了(le)外(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)，外(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分片(pian)多少視(shi)造(zao)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜程度(du)而定(ding)。如果要(yao)(yao)鑄(zhu)成(cheng)中空的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)塑或(huo)器物，在做(zuo)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)外(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)后還要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)內(nei)范(fan)(fan)，外(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)與內(nei)范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間距離(li)就是(shi)澆鑄(zhu)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厚度(du)。陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上部要(yao)(yao)預先做(zuo)好澆注口和出(chu)氣孔(kong)。最后把內(nei)、外(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)合起來，并敷上泥層進(jin)行加固(gu)。做(zuo)好上述工作，即可(ke)以熔(rong)銅澆鑄(zhu)了(le)。對于造(zao)型(xing)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)塑，陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)鑄(zhu)造(zao)往往無(wu)法一次成(cheng)型(xing)，因此(ci)需要(yao)(yao)采用(yong)分鑄(zhu)法。比如全身(shen)人像雕(diao)塑，我(wo)們將其頭與身(shen)體(ti)、四(si)肢(zhi)分別制(zhi)成(cheng)陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)，先將四(si)肢(zhi)鑄(zhu)好暫不拿(na)出(chu)，再(zai)與軀干(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)對接起來，澆鑄(zhu)軀干(gan)(gan)時(shi)(shi)四(si)肢(zhi)便與軀干(gan)(gan)鑄(zhu)成(cheng)一體(ti)了(le)。
西安易銅坊雕塑工程有限公司(17691083840)公司主要經營國產農村婦女精品一二區:鍛(duan)銅(tong)雕(diao)塑定制(zhi),浮雕,不銹鋼雕塑和石雕.擁有多位資深雕塑設計師,從事雕塑和浮雕設計.公司技術力量雄厚,施工隊伍一流。
一、銅的物(wu)理化學性質及其分類(lei)
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人類發現最早而(er)且又(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)常被(bei)應(ying)用(yong)得得心應(ying)手(shou)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學符號是(shi)(shi)(shi)Cu、原(yuan)子(zi)序(xu)數是(shi)(shi)(shi)29、原(yuan)子(zi)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)63.546，色(se)(se)澤呈(cheng)玫瑰紅(hong)色(se)(se)，比重是(shi)(shi)(shi)8.94，它的(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)1083℃，沸(fei)點：2582℃，抗(kang)拉強(qiang)度(du)：220～420MPa。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)質地軟(ruan)而(er)韌，其(qi)延展(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能好，易(yi)塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，導(dao)電性(xing)(xing)(xing)及導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)優良(liang)，良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)拋(pao)(pao)旋光性(xing)(xing)(xing)，易(yi)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)更易(yi)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)，不能做防護性(xing)(xing)(xing)鍍(du)層(ceng)，會和(he)(he)空氣中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)硫作用(yong)生成(cheng)褐色(se)(se)硫化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，會和(he)(he)空氣中(zhong)二氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳作用(yong)形成(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)錄(lu)，會和(he)(he)空氣中(zhong)氯形成(cheng)氯化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)粉末。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鍍(du)層(ceng)具有良(liang)好均勻性(xing)(xing)(xing)、致密性(xing)(xing)(xing)、附著性(xing)(xing)(xing)及拋(pao)(pao)旋光性(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)，所以(yi)可(ke)做其(qi)它電鍍(du)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)之底(di)(di)鍍(du)鍍(du)層(ceng)。鍍(du)層(ceng)可(ke)做為(wei)防止(zhi)滲碳氮化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，唯一可(ke)實用(yong)于鋅鑄件電鍍(du)打底(di)(di)用(yong)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)來源充足，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)容(rong)(rong)易(yi)電鍍(du)，容(rong)(rong)易(yi)控制(zhi)，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電鍍(du)量(liang)僅次于鎳。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)材(cai)可(ke)分為(wei)紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（紫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）、黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)純(chun)(chun)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)，性(xing)(xing)(xing)軟(ruan)而(er)熔(rong)點低，容(rong)(rong)易(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)。所以(yi)鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)藝(yi)絕大部分是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)而(er)言。紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)軟(ruan)富(fu)延展(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，又(you)能很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)表現作者的(de)(de)(de)創作意圖，且色(se)(se)澤渾厚、穩重，可(ke)和(he)(he)各種裝飾(shi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、各種環境配合，既(ji)可(ke)制(zhi)作大型(xing)壁(bi)畫、雕塑，又(you)可(ke)做靈活的(de)(de)(de)局部點綴裝飾(shi)。所以(yi)這種工(gong)藝(yi)受到很(hen)多(duo)藝(yi)術家的(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)愛，成(cheng)為(wei)許多(duo)壁(bi)畫、雕塑工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)首選材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)純(chun)(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)加(jia)(jia)入金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)錫冶煉而(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，其(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)狀較(jiao)硬，相對延展(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差，板材(cai)易(yi)變形，所以(yi)一般(ban)只(zhi)適于制(zhi)作一些折皺少、大塊面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)品，如銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)字、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)牌等(deng)。青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)天然銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)里加(jia)(jia)入了50％的(de)(de)(de)錫等(deng)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)后熔(rong)化(hua)成(cheng)為(wei)青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)要比原(yuan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)高，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)熔(rong)點卻由原(yuan)初的(de)(de)(de)1083℃下降到800～960℃。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)易(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，有一定準確度(du)，耐久(jiu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好，并有一種華貴、古雅、莊重的(de)(de)(de)色(se)(se)彩。
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)經(jing)過不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)程(cheng)序，會產生不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)視覺(jue)美(mei)(mei)感和(he)觸覺(jue)美(mei)(mei)感。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)雕塑的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)之美(mei)(mei)是(shi)(shi)集材質之美(mei)(mei)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)之美(mei)(mei)和(he)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)之美(mei)(mei)三者綜合的(de)(de)(de)結晶。因(yin)此(ci)，學習和(he)研究銅(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)雕塑需要從(cong)這三者入手，即使是(shi)(shi)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)欣賞(shang)也是(shi)(shi)需要這三方(fang)面(mian)來(lai)進行，如果只是(shi)(shi)從(cong)一個方(fang)面(mian)就很(hen)難(nan)了解(jie)和(he)把握銅(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)雕塑藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)真諦和(he)豐富的(de)(de)(de)內涵。由于不(bu)同(tong)種類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)材料和(he)不(bu)同(tong)造(zao)(zao)型(xing)、結構的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)雕塑對加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)也不(bu)同(tong)。所以成(cheng)型(xing)和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)作方(fang)法主要包括鑄造(zao)(zao)、鍛(duan)造(zao)(zao)、焊接、鉚接、切割等五大加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，而且在裝飾(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)方(fang)面(mian)還主要有鑲嵌、雕金(jin)、鍍金(jin)和(he)鍍銀三大類(lei)(lei)。
（一）鑄造工藝
鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)工藝是銅(tong)雕塑的(de)(de)最古老的(de)(de)成(cheng)型工藝之(zhi)一，它(ta)的(de)(de)加工方法是首先要用黏(nian)土或者其它(ta)可塑材(cai)料做出原型，然后(hou)再翻(fan)成(cheng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)模型，之(zhi)后(hou)進行澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)。根據鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)模型材(cai)料的(de)(de)不同，主要分為陶范鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)、金屬范鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)和(he)失蠟鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)（也稱翻(fan)沙鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)）。
1、陶范(fan)鑄造
它是(shi)我(wo)國最古老的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)造(zao)技術之一，我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖先早在商代就熟練地掌握了(le)這(zhe)種工藝(yi)，并用(yong)此(ci)工藝(yi)制(zhi)作了(le)大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青銅藝(yi)術珍品，成(cheng)就了(le)享譽世(shi)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青銅文化。陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)鑄(zhu)造(zao)方法首(shou)先是(shi)制(zhi)范(fan)(fan)，“范(fan)(fan)”是(shi)指用(yong)于鑄(zhu)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)子，制(zhi)作陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)要(yao)(yao)精選(xuan)細黏土(tu)敷在模(mo)(mo)型(xing)上，待半干(gan)(gan)時(shi)(shi)分塊取下(xia)陰(yin)干(gan)(gan)，干(gan)(gan)透(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥范(fan)(fan)再(zai)經焙燒成(cheng)為陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)①。這(zhe)就形成(cheng)了(le)外(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)，外(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分片(pian)多少視(shi)造(zao)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜程度(du)而定(ding)。如果要(yao)(yao)鑄(zhu)成(cheng)中空的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)塑或(huo)器物，在做(zuo)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)外(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)后還要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)內(nei)范(fan)(fan)，外(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)與內(nei)范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間距離(li)就是(shi)澆鑄(zhu)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厚度(du)。陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上部要(yao)(yao)預先做(zuo)好澆注口和出(chu)氣孔(kong)。最后把內(nei)、外(wai)(wai)范(fan)(fan)合起來，并敷上泥層進(jin)行加固(gu)。做(zuo)好上述工作，即可(ke)以熔(rong)銅澆鑄(zhu)了(le)。對于造(zao)型(xing)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)塑，陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)鑄(zhu)造(zao)往往無(wu)法一次成(cheng)型(xing)，因此(ci)需要(yao)(yao)采用(yong)分鑄(zhu)法。比如全身(shen)人像雕(diao)塑，我(wo)們將其頭與身(shen)體(ti)、四(si)肢(zhi)分別制(zhi)成(cheng)陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)，先將四(si)肢(zhi)鑄(zhu)好暫不拿(na)出(chu)，再(zai)與軀干(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陶(tao)范(fan)(fan)對接起來，澆鑄(zhu)軀干(gan)(gan)時(shi)(shi)四(si)肢(zhi)便與軀干(gan)(gan)鑄(zhu)成(cheng)一體(ti)了(le)。
西安易銅坊雕塑工程有限公司(17691083840)公司主要經營國產農村婦女精品一二區:鍛(duan)銅(tong)雕(diao)塑定制(zhi),浮雕,不銹鋼雕塑和石雕.擁有多位資深雕塑設計師,從事雕塑和浮雕設計.公司技術力量雄厚,施工隊伍一流。
相關產品
相關文章
- 國產農村婦女精品一二區:西安鍛銅雕塑,鍛銅佛像制作工藝2018年(nian)11月17日
- 國產農村婦女精品一二區:西安鍛銅雕塑設計哪家好-易銅坊雕塑2018年11月29日
- 國產農村婦女精品一二區:西安鍛銅雕塑廠哪家好-易銅坊雕塑2018年12月04日
- 國產農村婦女精品一二區:西安鍛銅雕塑在景觀雕塑中的位置2018年12月(yue)11日
- 國產農村婦女精品一二區:西安鍛銅雕塑在城市景觀雕塑中的地位2018年(nian)12月26日